Alkaline Lipase

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Lipase belongs to the class of carboxyl ester hydrolases, which can gradually hydrolyze triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. Lipase exists in fat-containing animal, plant and microbial (such as mold, bacteria, etc.) tissues. Including phosphatase, sterolase and carboxylesterase. Fatty acids are widely used in food, medicine, leather, daily chemicals, etc.

Figure 1. Protein structure of lipases.

Source

Lipases are widely present in animals, plants and microorganisms. Plants containing more lipases are the seeds of oil crops, such as castor bean and rapeseed. When the oil seeds germinate, lipase can work in concert with other enzymes to catalyze the decomposition of oils and fats to produce sugars and provide seeds for rooting. Nutrients and energy necessary for germination; the pancreas and adipose tissue of higher animals contain more lipase in the animal body, and a small amount of lipase is contained in the intestinal juice, which is used to supplement the lack of pancreatic lipase for fat digestion. In carnivorous animals, there is a small amount of butyric acid glyceride in the gastric juice. In animals, various lipases control the processes of digestion, absorption, fat rebuilding, and lipoprotein metabolism; bacteria, fungi and yeast are more abundant in lipases. Due to the variety of microorganisms, rapid reproduction, and prone to genetic variation, they have a wider action pH, action temperature range and substrate specificity than animals and plants, and lipases derived from microorganisms are generally secreted extracellular enzymes. The main fermenting microorganisms are Aspergillus niger, Candida and so on. It is suitable for large-scale industrial production and obtaining high-purity samples. Therefore, microbial lipase is an important source of industrial lipase. Generally, lipases from different sources have different characteristics and are of great significance in theoretical research.

Properties

Lipase is a class of enzymes with a variety of catalytic abilities, which can catalyze the hydrolysis, alcoholysis, esterification, transesterification and reverse synthesis of esters of triacylglycerides and other water-insoluble esters. In addition, It also shows the activity of some other enzymes, such as phospholipase, lysophospholipase, cholesterol esterase, acyl peptide hydrolase activity, etc. The different activities of lipase depend on the characteristics of the reaction system, such as promoting ester hydrolysis at the oil-water interface, and enzymatic synthesis and transesterification in the organic phase. The properties of lipase mainly include the optimum temperature and pH, temperature and pH stability, and substrate specificity. So far, a large number of microbial lipases have been separated and purified, and their properties have been studied. They are different in molecular weight, optimal pH, optimal temperature, pH and thermal stability, isoelectric point and other biochemical properties. In general, microbial lipases have a broader pH, temperature range, high stability and activity than animal and plant lipases, and are specific to substrates.

Alkaline lipase

Alkaline lipase refers to an enzyme that acts on ester bonds in fat under alkaline conditions. It is generally used for the hydrolysis of ester bonds, but it can also catalyze the synthesis of esters in reverse. Like other enzymes, alkaline lipase must be active within a certain temperature and pH range. In addition, lipase also has a high degree of specificity and is highly active for ester bonds, but has no hydrolytic activity for proteins and carbohydrates.

Applications

• Application of lipase in detergent industry

Used as an additive for household or industrial cleaning agents, it is the largest commercial application field of lipase. According to statistics, the total value of global enzyme sales in 1995 was about 30 million U.S. dollars, of which detergent enzymes accounted for 30%. An average of 1,000 tons of lipase is added to 1.3 million tons per year. In the cleaning agent.

• Application of lipase in food industry

Use lipase to produce new structural oils and their derivatives that have both functional and health effects, such as oil modification (such as cocoa butter substitutes, increasing the content of PUFA in general animal and vegetable oils.), emulsifiers (such as glucose esters) , Antioxidants, spices, etc., not only increase the wide applicability of oils, but also enhance the economic benefits and development potential of the oil industry.

• Application of lipase in fiber and paper industry

It is used for the refining of kapok fiber, which makes the refining process simple and does not damage the kapok fiber. Removal of the resin (pitch) in the pulp, including triglycerides and wax, to avoid serious breakage in the papermaking process.

• Application of lipase in bioenergy

The molecular weight range of natural oil and waste oil is close to that of diesel oil. The main component of oil is the ester formed by fatty acid and glycerin. The oil is hydrolyzed by lipase and then undergoes a series of chemical transformations to obtain biodiesel.

• Application of lipase in the pharmaceutical industry

Using the unique enantioselectivity of lipase, it can efficiently distinguish optically active stereoisomers to synthesize a variety of drugs such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as naproxen, ibuprofen, suprofen and ketoprofen), antibiotics such as nikkomycin-B, antiviral drugs (such as lamivudine, which can be used to fight HIV), anticancer drugs, alkaloids, and vitamins.