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Enzyme Labeling

Creative Enzymes provides comprehensive enzyme labeling services designed to support cutting-edge biochemical, pharmaceutical, diagnostic, and academic research. With established expertise in both in vitro and in vivo labeling, we deliver precise, stable, and application-tailored enzyme labels suitable for a wide array of detection, purification, imaging, and analytical purposes. Supported by decades of technical development and a robust portfolio of labeling chemistries, our services are designed to meet the highest standards of accuracy, reproducibility, and scientific rigor.

From classical labels such as biotin and fluorescent dyes to advanced activity-based probes and conjugated reporter enzymes, Creative Enzymes ensures that each project benefits from optimized reaction conditions, strict quality control, and customizable workflows. Our team is committed to offering reliable, high-performance labeling solutions that help accelerate scientific discovery and product innovation worldwide.

Introduction to Enzyme Labeling

Enzyme labeling has become an invaluable tool in modern life sciences. The ability to attach functional molecules—fluorophores, affinity tags, reporter enzymes, isotopes, or activity-based probes—to a target enzyme enables precise detection, localization, purification, quantification, and activity profiling. These labels allow researchers to track interactions, evaluate catalytic performance, map active sites, and design analytical assays with exceptional sensitivity.

Over recent decades, enzyme labeling technologies have evolved significantly. Advances in covalent labeling chemistries, nanotechnology-based probes, and bioorthogonal reactions have created a diverse toolkit for customizing enzyme function without compromising structural integrity. As a result, enzyme labeling plays a pivotal role in areas such as proteomics, targeted drug development, structural biology, immunoassay design, and molecular imaging.

However, successful labeling requires a deep understanding of enzyme structure, catalytic mechanisms, reaction conditions, and potential interference. An unsuitable labeling strategy may disrupt enzymatic activity, destabilize protein conformation, or produce heterogeneous results. Therefore, specialized expertise is essential to preserve function while achieving reliable, application-specific labeling.

Creative Enzymes addresses these challenges with industry-leading precision. Our enzymologists employ advanced labeling chemistries and analytical tools to design optimal labeling strategies, ensuring high specificity, preserved biological function, and superior signal output.

Enzyme Labeling: What We Offer

Creative Enzymes provides fully customizable enzyme labeling services tailored to specific project goals, research applications, and enzyme properties. Our offerings span multiple labeling categories, each supported by specialized protocols and rigorous quality standards.

Featured enzyme labeling services by Creative Enzymes

Biotin Labeling

Biotin serves as a widely used tag for purification, detection, and immobilization due to its exceptionally strong binding affinity to avidin and streptavidin. Its remarkably small molecular size ensures minimal interference with enzyme conformation and functionality. Our biotinylation services offer:

  • Controlled degrees of labeling (DOL)
  • Site-selective or random biotinylation
  • Optimized linker lengths for solubility and reduced steric hindrance
  • High-purity biotin-enzyme conjugates suitable for ELISAs, proteomics, and biosensors

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Active-Site Probes

Active-site labeling enables selective identification, enrichment, and profiling of catalytically active enzymes. These probes play a critical role in activity-based proteomics and inhibitor screening. We provide:

  • Mechanism-based (suicide) probes
  • Covalent and reversible affinity probes
  • Activity-dependent fluorescence or isotopic labeling
  • Custom probe design for specific enzyme classes

Active-site labels interact only with enzymatically active molecules, allowing unparalleled insight into enzyme functionality and regulation.

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Fluorescent Labeling

Fluorescent probes provide broad versatility in imaging, biosensing, and quantitative measurements. We offer labeling with:

  • Organic dyes (FITC, TRITC, Cy dyes, DyLight Fluors)
  • Biological fluorophores (GFP variants)
  • Quantum dots for ultra-bright, long-lived signals

Our fluorescent labeling services provide exceptional spectral purity, optimized photostability, and minimal disruption to enzyme performance.

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Service Workflow

Workflow of enzyme labeling service

Service Details

Creative Enzymes provides extensive flexibility to support diverse requirements across biotechnology, diagnostics, research, and industrial sectors. Key details include:

Label Types

  • Biotin
  • Fluorophores
  • Enzyme reporters
  • Quantum dots
  • Activity-based probes
  • Isotopic labels (non-radioactive options preferred for safety)

Supported Enzymes

Quality Standards

  • Structural integrity
  • Catalytic activity retention
  • Labeling homogeneity
  • Batch-to-batch consistency

Scalability

  • Small-scale research quantities
  • Medium-scale process development batches
  • Large-scale preparations for diagnostics and manufacturing

Customization Options

  • Site-specific labeling (Cys, Lys, N-terminus, engineered residues)
  • Controlled labeling density
  • Spacer arm optimization (PEGylated or short-chain)
  • Tailored pH, ionic strength, and solvent conditions
  • Multi-label strategies for dual-readout systems

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Why Choose Creative Enzymes

Comprehensive Labeling Expertise

Our enzymologists possess decades of experience in bioconjugation chemistry, structural biology, and activity-based probe design, allowing us to tailor solutions for virtually any enzyme or application.

Advanced Analytical Capabilities

With state-of-the-art instrumentation, we provide rigorous verification of label incorporation, purity, and retained activity to ensure dependable downstream performance.

Extensive Customization

From label chemistry to reaction conditions, purification approaches, and formulation preferences, we provide bespoke solutions that align with your scientific and engineering needs.

High Activity Retention

We employ gentle, well-controlled labeling strategies that preserve enzyme structure and catalytic behavior, preventing common issues such as misfolding, aggregation, or activity loss.

Scalable and Efficient Workflow

Our optimized processes support rapid turnaround and full scalability—from microgram research batches to multi-gram or industrial quantities—while maintaining exceptional reproducibility.

Collaborative Technical Support

We provide end-to-end consultation, real-time communication, and scientific guidance to ensure that each project benefits from our collective expertise and deep understanding of enzyme biology.

Enzyme Labeling: Case Studies

Case 1: Enzyme Labeling for Kinase Profiling

Selective targeting of specific kinases is difficult due to their structural similarity and the challenge of measuring inhibitor engagement in live cells. To address this, researchers developed sulfonyl fluoride probes that covalently label a wide range of endogenous kinases by reacting with a conserved lysine in the ATP-binding site. An optimized probe (XO44) labeled up to 133 kinases even in ATP-rich environments. Using this probe with label-free mass spectrometry, they quantified how the drug dasatinib engages intracellular kinases, revealing selective and saturable binding. This work showcases enzyme labeling as a powerful chemoproteomic strategy for drug-target profiling.

Probes 1–3 label multiple endogenous protein kinases in live cellsFigure 1. Jurkat cells were treated with either DMSO or nonclickable competitor 4 (20 μM) for 1 h, followed by probes 1–3 (2 μM) for 30 min. Cell lysates were subjected to click chemistry with rhodamine-azide, resolved by SDS-PAGE, and scanned for fluorescence (TAMRA). (Zhao et al., 2017)

Case 2: Enzyme Labeling via Fluorescent Recognition Moieties

Accurate imaging of enzymes in living systems is vital for understanding disease, yet many fluorescent probes suffer from low specificity, background noise, or poor sensitivity. Recent advances focus on designing improved recognition moieties that guide fluorophores to their enzyme targets. New strategies include using 3-hydroxyphenyl groups to selectively detect tyrosinase without ROS interference, incorporating inhibitor-derived structures to differentiate MAO-A from MAO-B, and adopting stronger quenching groups such as 5-nitrothiophen-2-yl alcohol for sensitive NTR detection. Additional examples show recognition moieties can also tune fluorescence output. These innovations highlight enzyme labeling as a powerful tool for precise, real-time biosystem imaging.

Designed fluorescent probes are employed to image enzymes in living biosystemsFigure 2. Graphic abstract: Recognition moieties of small molecular fluorescent probes for bioimaging of enzymes. (Wu et al., 2019)

Enzyme Labeling: Frequently Asked Questions

  • Q: How do you select the most suitable label for my enzyme?

    A: Label selection depends on factors such as enzyme structure, intended application, detection method, and required signal intensity. Creative Enzymes evaluates your enzyme's amino acid composition, reactive residues, stability profile, and performance needs to determine the most appropriate labeling strategy. We also consider steric effects, fluorescence compatibility, and potential activity interference to ensure optimal performance.
  • Q: Will labeling affect enzyme activity?

    A: While all labeling processes carry some risk of modifying catalytic sites or altering conformation, Creative Enzymes minimizes this risk through carefully controlled reaction conditions and site-selective chemistries. We avoid over-labeling, optimize linker length, and perform activity assays to guarantee that the functional integrity of the enzyme is preserved as much as possible.
  • Q: What information do you need before starting a project?

    A: Typically, we request:
    • Enzyme sequence or structural information
    • Purity, buffer composition, and concentration
    • Desired label type and application
    • Required activity specifications
    • Any known constraints (e.g., sensitivity to pH or solvents)
    However, even with minimal information, our team can assist in designing an optimal plan.
  • Q: Can you label membrane-bound or multi-subunit enzymes?

    A: Yes. Our labeling strategies accommodate complex enzymes, including membrane-associated proteins, oligomeric enzymes, and recombinant constructs with tags. We tailor protocols to avoid disruption of quaternary structure or membrane interactions.
  • Q: What purification methods are used after labeling?

    A: We use purification techniques tailored to the enzyme and label, including size-exclusion chromatography, affinity purification, ion-exchange chromatography, dialysis, or ultrafiltration. Each batch is verified for purity and removal of unbound labels.
  • Q: Do you support large-scale labeling for industrial or diagnostic manufacturing?

    A: Absolutely. Our scalable processes and stringent quality systems allow us to support large-volume production suitable for commercial diagnostic kits, bioprocessing workflows, and long-term batch-consistent supplies.

References:

  1. Wu X, Shi W, Li X, Ma H. Recognition moieties of small molecular fluorescent probes for bioimaging of enzymes. Acc Chem Res. 2019;52(7):1892-1904. doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.9b00214
  2. Zhao Q, Ouyang X, Wan X, et al. Broad-spectrum kinase profiling in live cells with lysine-targeted sulfonyl fluoride probes. J Am Chem Soc. 2017;139(2):680-685. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b08536

For research and industrial use only. Not intended for personal medicinal use. Certain food-grade products are suitable for formulation development in food and related applications.

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For research and industrial use only. Not intended for personal medicinal use. Certain food-grade products are suitable for formulation development in food and related applications.